Browse the list of body parts, conditions, symptoms and treatments, click on a letter or category to narrow your search, and click on a name to see the related case notes.
Tap a letter or category to narrow your search, browse the list of body parts, conditions, symptoms and treatments, and tap on a name to see the related case notes.
Conditions A-Z
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Name: Description: Abortion The loss of pregnancy, either intentionally or spontaneously. See also entry for miscarriage. Abscess A cavity or space in a body part containing pus, or a collection of matter. Ague An acute or high fever or a disease characterised by such fever when it recurs periodically, latterly regarded as a symptom of malaria. Amaurosis A disease of the optic nerve usually without external change in the eye that causes problems with vision, including total or partial loss of sight. See also entry for gutta serena. Anchylosis A stiff or rigid joint. Can also mean the coalescence of two bones which were originally distinct. Aneurysm A tumour arising from the dilation or rupture of the coats of an artery. Can also mean unnatural dilation of an artery. Angina Maligna A putrid remittent fever which is accompanied with an ulcerated sore throat or with the inflammation of the mucous membrane. Commonly occurred in the autumn among children and weakened adults. Also known as angina gangrena and suffocativa. Angina Pectoris A syndrome characterised by intermittent attacks of pain in the chest. Also attacks of pain occurring in other parts of the body as a result of impaired blood flow. Angina Swelling or inflammation in the throat which causes difficulty in swallowing or breathing. Also known as cynanche, quinsy or tonsillitis. Anorexia A condition characterised by a loss or want of appetite. Arthritis Painful disease causing inflammation of the joints. Ascarides Intestinal worms; thread-worms. Asthma Illness affecting respiration with intermittent periods of difficult breathing, wheezing and coughing. Bladder Stones, Kidney Stones Gravel in the bladder or kidney. Blindness Inability to see because of injury, disease or a congenital condition. Calculi To be affected by stones for example kidney stones. Cancer A painful scirrhous tumour, often terminating in a fatal ulcer. Carcinoma Cancerous ulcer. See also entry for cancer. Carditis Inflammation of the heart. Also known as Inflammation Cordis. Carebaria Heaviness of the head. See also entry for cephalalgia. Carious Decay of bones and teeth. Catalepsy A disorder characterised by seizures at intervals generally lasting a few minutes though sometimes can continue for some hours or days. Cataracta An opacity of the crystalline lens of the eye causing more or less impairment of sight, but never complete blindness. Catarrh Inflammation of mucous membrane in nose, throat and/or lungs. Catarrhus Senilis A disease causing chronic catarrh and bronchial inflammation particularly affecting the elderly. Cephalalgy Headache. The term is derived from the Greek word Cephal which means head. Cephalalgia can refer to a milder headache and Cephalalgia Hysterica is a pain which is fixed in the crown of the head. See also entry for Clavus Hysterica. Cephalitis Inflammation of the brain and an inflammatory condition of the central nervous system. See also entry for phrenitis. Chin Cough An epidemic, contagious, spasmodic disease. Also known as whooping cough, kink cough, hooping or convulsive cough and pertussis. Chlorosis A disorder thought to occur mainly in young women soon after puberty characterised by a greenish pallor of the skin, cessation or irregularity of menstruation, and weakness, often associated with loss of appetite. Also called the Green Sickness, White Fever and Virgin's Disease. Cholera In the 18th century it was a disease characterised by severe diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal cramps and leg spasms. Chorea Scelotyrbe See entry for chorea. Chorea A convulsive disorder usually found in children involving involuntary muscle spasms, particularly in the face and arms. Also known as Sydenham's Chorea, Saint Vitus Dance, Chorea Sancti Viti, Choreomania. Coeliac Of or belonging to the belly, or the cavity of the abdomen. Term applied to an intestinal disease or diseases which affect the ability to digest and cause diarrhoea. Colica Associated with both severe griping pains in the stomach and can also mean relating to the colon. Comata Nervous diseases which are defined by diminution or total loss of the powers of voluntary motion, attended with sleep, or a deprivation of the senses. Condyloma The medical term for genital warts. Consumption An illness causing abnormal weight loss or wasting away. Often associated with the term tuberculosis. Contusion Bruising; bruises. Cophosis Total or partial loss of hearing; dumbness or dullness of any of the senses. Croup An inflammatory disease of the larynx and trachea of children which caused a sharp ringing cough. Croup was the popular name in the south-east of Scotland and was introduced into medical use by Professor Francis Home of Edinburgh in 1765. See also entries for cough and cynanche. Crusta Lactea An eruptive disease of infants at the breast. Also known as milk-scab and milk-blotch. Cucurbitina A type of tape worm. Cutaneous A disease of the skin, from cutis meaning skin. Cynanche Any throat disease with inflammation, swelling and difficulty breathing and swallowing. Also known as tonsillitis, quinsy, quinsey, trachealis and croup. Deafness Total loss of hearing. Depression Dullness of spirits, dispirited, dejection, oppression or any similar reference; includes despair, low spirited etc. Devon Colic A condition that affected the cider producing counties of England in the 16th and 17th centuries, later determined to have been actually caused by lead poisoning. Diabetes Angelica The Latin word 'Anglica' is used in this context to mean English because it was a condition which affected the English or British. It is a form of diabetes referred to by Dr Francois Sauvage where the urine smells sweet. Diabetes chylosus Derived from the Latin word 'Chylus'. It is a form of diabetes where the urine contains chyle a saccharine tasting fluid produced during digestion. Diabetes Insipidus A form of diabetes where the urine tastes normal and not sweet. Diabetes Mellitis A form of diabetes where the urine tastes of dissolved honey. Diabetes Diabetes is also referred to as diabetes urinosa or profuse urinae. Diathesis A tendency in a family to suffer from a particular illness though not genetic. Used historically to refer to the disposition of the constitution of the body e.g. a rheumatic disposition. Dislocation Also referred to as luxation; when bones are displaced from their normal position at a joint such as a shoulder. Dysecoea Hard of hearing; hearing impaired or lost. Deafness. Dysentery Disease caused by inflammation of the large intestine, accompanied with pain and bloody mucus. Elephantiasis Various kinds of cutaneous disease, which are viewed as producing in the part affected a resemblance to an elephant's hide. Enteritis Inflammation of the small intestine. Epilepsia Cerebralis One of three species of epilepsy classified by Dr William Cullen referring to cases of sudden onset epilepsy with no apparent or manifest cause. See also entry for epilepsy. Epilepsia Sympathica One of three species of epilepsy classified by Dr William Cullen referring to cases of sudden onset epilepsy with no apparent or manifest cause but preceded by a symptom termed aura. See also entry for epilepsy. Epilepsy Also known as falling sickness. Violent fits or convulsions causing unconsciousness, muscle spasms and foaming at the mouth. Eyrisypelas A local febrile disease accompanied by diffused inflammation of the skin, producing a deep red colour; often called St. Anthony's fire, or ‘the rose’. Fracture A broken bone. Glaucoma When the nerve that connects the eye to the brain (optic nerve) is damaged. Can lead to loss of vision. Gonorrhea A sexually transmitted disease which causes off-white discharge from the genitals. Gout An illness that results in spasms; painful inflammation in the joints, particularly the big toes; and the presence of chalky sediment in the urine. Gutta opaca Cataract. An opacity of the eye which prevents the rays of light passing to the retina, and so preventing vision. Gutta serena General contemporary term for blindness with unknown aetiology. Hallucinationes An order of disease classification developed by Francois Boissier de Sauvages which included visual and auditory anomalies. Hectic Fever A recurrent fever associated with phthisis and suppuration that typically caused hot, dry skin and flushed cheeks. Hemiplegia Paralysis more on one side of the body than the other. Hernia A tumour formed by the displacement and resulting protrusion of a part of an organ through an aperture, natural or accidental, in the walls of its containing cavity. Herpes Disease of the skin (or sometimes of a mucous membrane) characterised by the appearance of patches of distinct vesicles. Applied widely to a number of cutaneous affections. Hydrocephalus Condition of having water on or in the brain, leading to the skull expanding and failure of memory and mental faculties. Hypochondria An illness characterised by low spirits, depression and complaints of real or imagined physical symptoms, particularly dyspepsia. Hysteria A nervous disorder, most common among women although also on occasion to be found in men. Icterus See entry for jaundice. Idiotism Contemporary, now clearly offensive term for any condition resulting in learning difficulties. Impertigo A contagious skin infection. Inanity An absence or emptiness. As used in the case notes usually in the context of lack or emptiness of blood, sometimes menstrual blood. Influenza An acute, highly infectious viral disease of humans, which typically occurs in seasonal (winter) outbreaks or as major epidemics or pandemics, is characterised by the sudden onset of fever and chills, headache, muscle pain, weakness, and cough, and can result in death. Insania Madness; Delirium Ischiadicus Form of rheumatism specifically relating to the hips. Itch A cutaneous eruption identified by some historians as having been scabies but most likely being a blanket term for a range of cutaneous complaints. Jaundice Yellowing of skin or eyes; sallow skin or complexion. Leprosy A skin disease or form of psoriasis in which the skin resembles the scales of a fish. Lithias renalis Kidney stones. Lues A plague or spreading disease, particularly syphilis. Lumbago Rheumatic affection and pain in the lumbar area of the body, e.g. lower back and groin. Lumbricus Intestinal worms. Mania An alternative name for insanity; an agitated psychotic state. Marisca An excrescence about the anus; haemorrhoids. Measles An infectious disease marked by rash of red circular spots. Melancholia Sadness or depression. Menorrhagia Prolonged and copious discharge of menstrual blood. Miscarriage Abortion, stillbirth. Neuroses A term coined by the Edinburgh physician William Cullen. It referred to disorders of the sense and motion caused by affections of the nervous system. It covered various nervous disorders and symptoms that could not be explained physiologically. Noma A phagedenic ulcer also a species of herpes. Nyctalopia Night blindness. The periodic affection of vision, sometimes in midday, sometimes in morning, evening or at night, based on the action of a certain degree of light. Obstipitas spasmodica Term used by Francois Boissier de Sauvages. Classified as partial tonic spasms, together with strabismus, tics, contractures, ankylosis, cramps and priapism. Odontalgia Severe chronic pain in one or more teeth. Osculis lateralibus A term used by the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus as an alternative name for Taenia lata. See entry for Taenia. Osculis marginalibus An alternative name for Taenia Solium. See entry for Taenia. Ossification Abnormal formation of bone or bone-like tissue. Palsy See entry for paralysis. Paracusis A condition causing difficulty in hearing. Paralysis This includes palsy, hemiplegia and immobility, as well as states of partial paralysis with specific body-part mentioned. Paraplegia The inability to voluntarily move the lower parts of the body. Paraplexia Alternative term for paraplegia. See entry for paraplegia. Pertussis Also known as whooping cough, hooping cough or chin cough. Phlogistic Term applied to mean both diseases which induce inflammation and fever and a medicinal treatment which acts as an anti-inflammatory. Phrenitis Inflammation of the brain, attended with acute fever and delirium. Phthisis A consumption caused by an absorption of pus from the lungs. A condition both chronic and inflammatory. Piles See entry for haemorrhoids. Plague An infectious disease. In the case notes appears to specifically relate to bubonic plague. Platenus An alternative name for Taenia Solium. See entry for Taenia. Pleurisy A condition marked by pain in the chest or the side, especially when stabbing in nature and exacerbated by inspiration or coughing. Pleuritis Alternative term for pleurisy. See entry for pleurisy. Pneumonia An inflammation in the lungs, specifically in the thorax and of the membrane that lines it. Pox A term used in the case notes to refer to cases of lues venerea. See entry for lues venerea. Pregnancy The time during which one or more offspring develops (gestates) inside a woman's womb. Psora See entries for scabies and itch. Putrid fever Any fever deemed to be caused by putrefaction or accompanied by a putrid odour. Quartan A fever that recurs every three or four days, see also entries for tertian and quotidian. Quotidian A fever that recurs every day, see also entries for tertian and quartan. Rachitis Related to suffering from rickets. Derivation from Greek Rhakhitis. Rheo fluo Piles. See also entry for haemorrhoids. Rheumatism A disease which affects the spaces between the joints and muscles in different parts of the body causing arthritic-like joint swelling and pain. Scarlatina anginosa A disease which causes inflammation in the throat area or quinsy, mainly affected young people and women. Scarlatina Scarlet fever. Illness involving a distinctive pink-red rash. Sciatica A rheumatic affection of the hip joint. Scrofula Tumours of the conglobate glands, particularly of the neck attended with a swelling of the upper lip and column of the nose, a florid countenance, smooth skin and tumid abdomen. Also known as King's Evil. Scurvy A disease characterised by tenderness of the gums, foul breath, subcutaneous eruptions and limb pain. Shingles An acute painful inflammation of nerve endings, with a skin eruption often forming a girdle around the body. Sitten down cold According to the case notes this is a colloquial term for chronic catarrh. Smallpox Now identified as the acute infectious, eruptive, viral disease, once epidemic, but eradicated from the natural environment in the late 1970s. Smallpox sufferers had high fevers, backache, headaches and a rash made of pustules which scarred. Surditas Hearing loss or deafness. Syphilis A disease transmitted primarily through sexual intercourse, although it can also be passed to an unborn baby during pregnancy and through breastfeeding. Tenesmus Bowel or rectal disorder creating constant sensation of needing to open bowels. It is accompanied by pain, and a mucous substance, sometimes bloody, is also discharged. Teretes A collective term for worms of all species. Also referred to as vermes. Tertian Of a fever or ague: Characterised by the occurrence of a paroxysm every third day. Tetanus Infection caused by bacteria that triggers severe muscle contractions. Often results in death by asphyxiation if left untreated. In the 18th century, the term might be used to describe various conditions producing this kind of symptom pattern. Tinea Capitis The scald-head. A genus of disease characterised by small ulcers at the root of the hairs of the head, which produce a white crust. Tinea Lactea The scald-head affecting young children. Specifically refers to infection that affects the face as well as the scalp. Trismus Popularly known as lock jaw. Spasm of the chewing muscles, causing the jaws to remain rigidly closed. See also entry for tetanus. Tuberculosis See entry for phthisis. Typhoid An acute infectious fever spread by food that has come in contact with faecal matter. Characterised by high temperature, red spots on chest, severe pain in bowels, and sometimes death. Known at the time as enteric fever, and was often improperly treated with purgatives, causing many deaths. It was not differentiated from typhus fever until the late 1860s. Typhus An acute infectious fever spread by fleas, lice, ticks and mites, characterised by great prostration and petechial eruptions; chiefly occurring in crowded tenements. It was not differentiated from typhoid fever until the late 19th century. Vapour of marshes Exhalations or effluvia from marshes at certain times of the year were believed to be noxious and cause fevers. Also known as marsh miasma. Variola An alternative name for smallpox. See entry for smallpox. Venereal Infection resulting from sexual intercourse. Also refers to symptoms relating to the disease. Vermes A collective term for worms of all species. See also entry for teretes. Water brash Occurs when a person produces an excessive amount of saliva that mixes with stomach acids that have risen to the throat. Windy gravel Colloquial term for a complaint combining flatulency and indigestion. Worms Internal parasitic worms. Also known as taenia, ascarides. Yellow fever An infectious disease most prevalent in tropical-like climates but also significant outbreaks too place in the northern United States of America in the late 1700s.
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- Abortion
The loss of pregnancy, either intentionally or spontaneously. See also entry for miscarriage.
- Abscess
A cavity or space in a body part containing pus, or a collection of matter.
- Ague
An acute or high fever or a disease characterised by such fever when it recurs periodically, latterly regarded as a symptom of malaria.
- Amaurosis
A disease of the optic nerve usually without external change in the eye that causes problems with vision, including total or partial loss of sight. See also entry for gutta serena.
- Anchylosis
A stiff or rigid joint. Can also mean the coalescence of two bones which were originally distinct.
- Aneurysm
A tumour arising from the dilation or rupture of the coats of an artery. Can also mean unnatural dilation of an artery.
- Angina Maligna
A putrid remittent fever which is accompanied with an ulcerated sore throat or with the inflammation of the mucous membrane. Commonly occurred in the autumn among children and weakened adults. Also known as angina gangrena and suffocativa.
- Angina Pectoris
A syndrome characterised by intermittent attacks of pain in the chest. Also attacks of pain occurring in other parts of the body as a result of impaired blood flow.
- Angina
Swelling or inflammation in the throat which causes difficulty in swallowing or breathing. Also known as cynanche, quinsy or tonsillitis.
- Anorexia
A condition characterised by a loss or want of appetite.
- Arthritis
Painful disease causing inflammation of the joints.
- Ascarides
Intestinal worms; thread-worms.
- Asthma
Illness affecting respiration with intermittent periods of difficult breathing, wheezing and coughing.
- Bladder Stones, Kidney Stones
Gravel in the bladder or kidney.
- Blindness
Inability to see because of injury, disease or a congenital condition.
- Calculi
To be affected by stones for example kidney stones.
- Cancer
A painful scirrhous tumour, often terminating in a fatal ulcer.
- Carcinoma
Cancerous ulcer. See also entry for cancer.
- Carditis
Inflammation of the heart. Also known as Inflammation Cordis.
- Carebaria
Heaviness of the head. See also entry for cephalalgia.
- Carious
Decay of bones and teeth.
- Catalepsy
A disorder characterised by seizures at intervals generally lasting a few minutes though sometimes can continue for some hours or days.
- Cataracta
An opacity of the crystalline lens of the eye causing more or less impairment of sight, but never complete blindness.
- Catarrh
Inflammation of mucous membrane in nose, throat and/or lungs.
- Catarrhus Senilis
A disease causing chronic catarrh and bronchial inflammation particularly affecting the elderly.
- Cephalalgy
Headache. The term is derived from the Greek word Cephal which means head. Cephalalgia can refer to a milder headache and Cephalalgia Hysterica is a pain which is fixed in the crown of the head. See also entry for Clavus Hysterica.
- Cephalitis
Inflammation of the brain and an inflammatory condition of the central nervous system. See also entry for phrenitis.
- Chin Cough
An epidemic, contagious, spasmodic disease. Also known as whooping cough, kink cough, hooping or convulsive cough and pertussis.
- Chlorosis
A disorder thought to occur mainly in young women soon after puberty characterised by a greenish pallor of the skin, cessation or irregularity of menstruation, and weakness, often associated with loss of appetite. Also called the Green Sickness, White Fever and Virgin's Disease.
- Cholera
In the 18th century it was a disease characterised by severe diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal cramps and leg spasms.
- Chorea Scelotyrbe
See entry for chorea.
- Chorea
A convulsive disorder usually found in children involving involuntary muscle spasms, particularly in the face and arms. Also known as Sydenham's Chorea, Saint Vitus Dance, Chorea Sancti Viti, Choreomania.
- Coeliac
Of or belonging to the belly, or the cavity of the abdomen. Term applied to an intestinal disease or diseases which affect the ability to digest and cause diarrhoea.
- Colica
Associated with both severe griping pains in the stomach and can also mean relating to the colon.
- Comata
Nervous diseases which are defined by diminution or total loss of the powers of voluntary motion, attended with sleep, or a deprivation of the senses.
- Condyloma
The medical term for genital warts.
- Consumption
An illness causing abnormal weight loss or wasting away. Often associated with the term tuberculosis.
- Contusion
Bruising; bruises.
- Cophosis
Total or partial loss of hearing; dumbness or dullness of any of the senses.
- Croup
An inflammatory disease of the larynx and trachea of children which caused a sharp ringing cough. Croup was the popular name in the south-east of Scotland and was introduced into medical use by Professor Francis Home of Edinburgh in 1765. See also entries for cough and cynanche.
- Crusta Lactea
An eruptive disease of infants at the breast. Also known as milk-scab and milk-blotch.
- Cucurbitina
A type of tape worm.
- Cutaneous
A disease of the skin, from cutis meaning skin.
- Cynanche
Any throat disease with inflammation, swelling and difficulty breathing and swallowing. Also known as tonsillitis, quinsy, quinsey, trachealis and croup.
- Deafness
Total loss of hearing.
- Depression
Dullness of spirits, dispirited, dejection, oppression or any similar reference; includes despair, low spirited etc.
- Devon Colic
A condition that affected the cider producing counties of England in the 16th and 17th centuries, later determined to have been actually caused by lead poisoning.
- Diabetes Angelica
The Latin word 'Anglica' is used in this context to mean English because it was a condition which affected the English or British. It is a form of diabetes referred to by Dr Francois Sauvage where the urine smells sweet.
- Diabetes chylosus
Derived from the Latin word 'Chylus'. It is a form of diabetes where the urine contains chyle a saccharine tasting fluid produced during digestion.
- Diabetes Insipidus
A form of diabetes where the urine tastes normal and not sweet.
- Diabetes Mellitis
A form of diabetes where the urine tastes of dissolved honey.
- Diabetes
Diabetes is also referred to as diabetes urinosa or profuse urinae.
- Diathesis
A tendency in a family to suffer from a particular illness though not genetic. Used historically to refer to the disposition of the constitution of the body e.g. a rheumatic disposition.
- Dislocation
Also referred to as luxation; when bones are displaced from their normal position at a joint such as a shoulder.
- Dysecoea
Hard of hearing; hearing impaired or lost. Deafness.
- Dysentery
Disease caused by inflammation of the large intestine, accompanied with pain and bloody mucus.
- Elephantiasis
Various kinds of cutaneous disease, which are viewed as producing in the part affected a resemblance to an elephant's hide.
- Enteritis
Inflammation of the small intestine.
- Epilepsia Cerebralis
One of three species of epilepsy classified by Dr William Cullen referring to cases of sudden onset epilepsy with no apparent or manifest cause. See also entry for epilepsy.
- Epilepsia Sympathica
One of three species of epilepsy classified by Dr William Cullen referring to cases of sudden onset epilepsy with no apparent or manifest cause but preceded by a symptom termed aura. See also entry for epilepsy.
- Epilepsy
Also known as falling sickness. Violent fits or convulsions causing unconsciousness, muscle spasms and foaming at the mouth.
- Eyrisypelas
A local febrile disease accompanied by diffused inflammation of the skin, producing a deep red colour; often called St. Anthony's fire, or ‘the rose’.
- Fracture
A broken bone.
- Glaucoma
When the nerve that connects the eye to the brain (optic nerve) is damaged. Can lead to loss of vision.
- Gonorrhea
A sexually transmitted disease which causes off-white discharge from the genitals.
- Gout
An illness that results in spasms; painful inflammation in the joints, particularly the big toes; and the presence of chalky sediment in the urine.
- Gutta opaca
Cataract. An opacity of the eye which prevents the rays of light passing to the retina, and so preventing vision.
- Gutta serena
General contemporary term for blindness with unknown aetiology.
- Hallucinationes
An order of disease classification developed by Francois Boissier de Sauvages which included visual and auditory anomalies.
- Hectic Fever
A recurrent fever associated with phthisis and suppuration that typically caused hot, dry skin and flushed cheeks.
- Hemiplegia
Paralysis more on one side of the body than the other.
- Hernia
A tumour formed by the displacement and resulting protrusion of a part of an organ through an aperture, natural or accidental, in the walls of its containing cavity.
- Herpes
Disease of the skin (or sometimes of a mucous membrane) characterised by the appearance of patches of distinct vesicles. Applied widely to a number of cutaneous affections.
- Hydrocephalus
Condition of having water on or in the brain, leading to the skull expanding and failure of memory and mental faculties.
- Hypochondria
An illness characterised by low spirits, depression and complaints of real or imagined physical symptoms, particularly dyspepsia.
- Hysteria
A nervous disorder, most common among women although also on occasion to be found in men.
- Icterus
See entry for jaundice.
- Idiotism
Contemporary, now clearly offensive term for any condition resulting in learning difficulties.
- Impertigo
A contagious skin infection.
- Inanity
An absence or emptiness. As used in the case notes usually in the context of lack or emptiness of blood, sometimes menstrual blood.
- Influenza
An acute, highly infectious viral disease of humans, which typically occurs in seasonal (winter) outbreaks or as major epidemics or pandemics, is characterised by the sudden onset of fever and chills, headache, muscle pain, weakness, and cough, and can result in death.
- Insania
Madness; Delirium
- Ischiadicus
Form of rheumatism specifically relating to the hips.
- Itch
A cutaneous eruption identified by some historians as having been scabies but most likely being a blanket term for a range of cutaneous complaints.
- Jaundice
Yellowing of skin or eyes; sallow skin or complexion.
- Leprosy
A skin disease or form of psoriasis in which the skin resembles the scales of a fish.
- Lithias renalis
Kidney stones.
- Lues
A plague or spreading disease, particularly syphilis.
- Lumbago
Rheumatic affection and pain in the lumbar area of the body, e.g. lower back and groin.
- Lumbricus
Intestinal worms.
- Mania
An alternative name for insanity; an agitated psychotic state.
- Marisca
An excrescence about the anus; haemorrhoids.
- Measles
An infectious disease marked by rash of red circular spots.
- Melancholia
Sadness or depression.
- Menorrhagia
Prolonged and copious discharge of menstrual blood.
- Miscarriage
Abortion, stillbirth.
- Neuroses
A term coined by the Edinburgh physician William Cullen. It referred to disorders of the sense and motion caused by affections of the nervous system. It covered various nervous disorders and symptoms that could not be explained physiologically.
- Noma
A phagedenic ulcer also a species of herpes.
- Nyctalopia
Night blindness. The periodic affection of vision, sometimes in midday, sometimes in morning, evening or at night, based on the action of a certain degree of light.
- Obstipitas spasmodica
Term used by Francois Boissier de Sauvages. Classified as partial tonic spasms, together with strabismus, tics, contractures, ankylosis, cramps and priapism.
- Odontalgia
Severe chronic pain in one or more teeth.
- Osculis lateralibus
A term used by the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus as an alternative name for Taenia lata. See entry for Taenia.
- Osculis marginalibus
An alternative name for Taenia Solium. See entry for Taenia.
- Ossification
Abnormal formation of bone or bone-like tissue.
- Palsy
See entry for paralysis.
- Paracusis
A condition causing difficulty in hearing.
- Paralysis
This includes palsy, hemiplegia and immobility, as well as states of partial paralysis with specific body-part mentioned.
- Paraplegia
The inability to voluntarily move the lower parts of the body.
- Paraplexia
Alternative term for paraplegia. See entry for paraplegia.
- Pertussis
Also known as whooping cough, hooping cough or chin cough.
- Phlogistic
Term applied to mean both diseases which induce inflammation and fever and a medicinal treatment which acts as an anti-inflammatory.
- Phrenitis
Inflammation of the brain, attended with acute fever and delirium.
- Phthisis
A consumption caused by an absorption of pus from the lungs. A condition both chronic and inflammatory.
- Piles
See entry for haemorrhoids.
- Plague
An infectious disease. In the case notes appears to specifically relate to bubonic plague.
- Platenus
An alternative name for Taenia Solium. See entry for Taenia.
- Pleurisy
A condition marked by pain in the chest or the side, especially when stabbing in nature and exacerbated by inspiration or coughing.
- Pleuritis
Alternative term for pleurisy. See entry for pleurisy.
- Pneumonia
An inflammation in the lungs, specifically in the thorax and of the membrane that lines it.
- Pox
A term used in the case notes to refer to cases of lues venerea. See entry for lues venerea.
- Pregnancy
The time during which one or more offspring develops (gestates) inside a woman's womb.
- Psora
See entries for scabies and itch.
- Putrid fever
Any fever deemed to be caused by putrefaction or accompanied by a putrid odour.
- Quartan
A fever that recurs every three or four days, see also entries for tertian and quotidian.
- Quotidian
A fever that recurs every day, see also entries for tertian and quartan.
- Rachitis
Related to suffering from rickets. Derivation from Greek Rhakhitis.
- Rheo fluo
Piles. See also entry for haemorrhoids.
- Rheumatism
A disease which affects the spaces between the joints and muscles in different parts of the body causing arthritic-like joint swelling and pain.
- Scarlatina anginosa
A disease which causes inflammation in the throat area or quinsy, mainly affected young people and women.
- Scarlatina
Scarlet fever. Illness involving a distinctive pink-red rash.
- Sciatica
A rheumatic affection of the hip joint.
- Scrofula
Tumours of the conglobate glands, particularly of the neck attended with a swelling of the upper lip and column of the nose, a florid countenance, smooth skin and tumid abdomen. Also known as King's Evil.
- Scurvy
A disease characterised by tenderness of the gums, foul breath, subcutaneous eruptions and limb pain.
- Shingles
An acute painful inflammation of nerve endings, with a skin eruption often forming a girdle around the body.
- Sitten down cold
According to the case notes this is a colloquial term for chronic catarrh.
- Smallpox
Now identified as the acute infectious, eruptive, viral disease, once epidemic, but eradicated from the natural environment in the late 1970s. Smallpox sufferers had high fevers, backache, headaches and a rash made of pustules which scarred.
- Surditas
Hearing loss or deafness.
- Syphilis
A disease transmitted primarily through sexual intercourse, although it can also be passed to an unborn baby during pregnancy and through breastfeeding.
- Tenesmus
Bowel or rectal disorder creating constant sensation of needing to open bowels. It is accompanied by pain, and a mucous substance, sometimes bloody, is also discharged.
- Teretes
A collective term for worms of all species. Also referred to as vermes.
- Tertian
Of a fever or ague: Characterised by the occurrence of a paroxysm every third day.
- Tetanus
Infection caused by bacteria that triggers severe muscle contractions. Often results in death by asphyxiation if left untreated. In the 18th century, the term might be used to describe various conditions producing this kind of symptom pattern.
- Tinea Capitis
The scald-head. A genus of disease characterised by small ulcers at the root of the hairs of the head, which produce a white crust.
- Tinea Lactea
The scald-head affecting young children. Specifically refers to infection that affects the face as well as the scalp.
- Trismus
Popularly known as lock jaw. Spasm of the chewing muscles, causing the jaws to remain rigidly closed. See also entry for tetanus.
- Tuberculosis
See entry for phthisis.
- Typhoid
An acute infectious fever spread by food that has come in contact with faecal matter. Characterised by high temperature, red spots on chest, severe pain in bowels, and sometimes death. Known at the time as enteric fever, and was often improperly treated with purgatives, causing many deaths. It was not differentiated from typhus fever until the late 1860s.
- Typhus
An acute infectious fever spread by fleas, lice, ticks and mites, characterised by great prostration and petechial eruptions; chiefly occurring in crowded tenements. It was not differentiated from typhoid fever until the late 19th century.
- Vapour of marshes
Exhalations or effluvia from marshes at certain times of the year were believed to be noxious and cause fevers. Also known as marsh miasma.
- Variola
An alternative name for smallpox. See entry for smallpox.
- Venereal
Infection resulting from sexual intercourse. Also refers to symptoms relating to the disease.
- Vermes
A collective term for worms of all species. See also entry for teretes.
- Water brash
Occurs when a person produces an excessive amount of saliva that mixes with stomach acids that have risen to the throat.
- Windy gravel
Colloquial term for a complaint combining flatulency and indigestion.
- Worms
Internal parasitic worms. Also known as taenia, ascarides.
- Yellow fever
An infectious disease most prevalent in tropical-like climates but also significant outbreaks too place in the northern United States of America in the late 1700s.
- Abortion
