Browse the list of body parts, conditions, symptoms and treatments, click on a letter or category to narrow your search, and click on a name to see the related case notes.
Tap a letter or category to narrow your search, browse the list of body parts, conditions, symptoms and treatments, and tap on a name to see the related case notes.
Body Parts A-Z
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Name: Description: Abdomen Belly. Derived from the word abdo, meaning to hide therefore the contents lay hidden in it. See also entry for stomach. Abdominal viscera Abdominal organs including stomach, intestine, liver, pancreas, spleen, kidneys. See also entry for viscera. Air vesicle Bay-like extensions off the parabronchi of the lungs. Alae nasi In Latin means the wings of the nose, either of the two wings (great and small) of the sphenoid bone. Albuginea The inner coat of the testicle. Alea Narium Nose and/or nostril(s). See also entry for nose. Alimentary Canal Part of the digestive system. Also known as Primæ Viæ. Amygdala Tonsils. Ankle Area where the leg and the foot connect. Anus The opening at the end of the alimentary canal through which solid waste matter leaves the body. Aorta The main artery proceeding from the left ventricle of the heart in which all other arteries except the pulmonary are the branches. Artery A blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to tissues and organs in the body. Axilla Armpit. Biceps A large muscle that lies on the front of the upper arm. Bile Duct A series of thin tubes that go from the liver to the small intestine. Bladder The musculo-membranous bag which contains the urinary fluid secreted by the kidneys. Bowel The part of the alimentary canal below the stomach; the intestine. Brain The main organ in the central nervous system, located within the skull. Bregma The region of the skull where the frontal and the two parietal bones join; the sinciput; in infancy, before the sutures are closed, constituting the anterior fontanel. Formerly regarded as two regions, the right and left bregmata. Bronchus Part of the respiratory system, an airway allowing for air to reach the lungs. Cheek Either side of the face below the eye. Chin The protruding part of the face below the mouth, formed by the apex of the lower jaw. Cilia The outer edges of the eyelids. Clavicle The collarbone, which extends from the breastbone to the shoulder blade, forming part of the pectoral arch. Coccyx Pelvis or pelvic bones located at the bottom of the spine; tailbone. Colon The greater portion of the large intestine which extends from the caecum to the rectum. Columna Nasi The lowest and fleshy part of the nose which forms a part of the septum. Condyle A rounded process at the end of a bone serving to form an articulation with another bone. Cornea The coating of the eye. The strong, thick and tendinous first coat of the eye. Cranium The skull, also known as Calva and Calvaria, Cerebrigalea. Cubitus The forearm. Cuticle Known as the Scarf-skin which is the integument or universal covering of the body. Diaphragm The major muscle of respiration, located below the lungs. Duodenum First section of the small intestine. Ear The organ of the body that controls auditory input and processing or hearing as well as balance. Epigastric region Upper central region of the abdomen; relating to the part of the abdomen immediately over the stomach. Eye The organ of the body that controls sight. Fallopian Tubes Two trumpet or funnel shaped tubes that carry the ova or egg cells down from the ovary to the uterus. False ribs Refers to three sets of ribs which are indirectly linked to the sternum by the attachment of cartilage to the next rib above. Fauces The arched shape opening at the back of the throat leading from the mouth to the pharynx. See also throat. Fontanelle The soft spot or space between the bones of the skull of a baby where the bones have not yet fully formed and hardened. Foot The bottom part of the leg used for standing. Gall bladder Small pouch sitting below the liver. Genitals A person's external organs of reproduction. Glottis The opening between the vocal folds in the larynx that is generally thought of as the primary valve between the lungs and the mouth. Gluteus maximus A thick fleshy muscle with a quadrangular shape. Gum Part of the soft tissue lining of the mouth. Hamstring Posterior thigh muscles in between the hip and the knee. Hand The end part of a person's arm beyond the wrist. Heart A hollow muscular organ that pumps the blood through the circulatory system. Hip A projection of the pelvis and upper thigh bone on each side of the body. Humerus The bone of the upper arm or forelimb, forming joints at the shoulder and the elbow. Hypochondriac Region The part of the abdomen in the upper zone on both sides of the epigastric region and beneath the cartilages of the lower ribs. Hypogastric Region The lowest part of the abdomen. Ilium The largest bone of the hip. Integumentary system The outmost layer of the body consisting of the cuticle, the rete mucosum, cutis and membrama cellularis. Intercostal Muscles that present within the rib cage. Intestines Winding muscular tube, between the stomach and the anus. Part of the digestive system. Ischias The sciatic nerve which runs from the lumbar and sacral plexus to the tibial and common fibular nerve. Kidneys Organs that are found on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage in the back. Knee The joint between the thigh and the lower leg. Lacrimal glands The glands in the eyes responsible for secreting tears. Lambdoid In the skull, the suture that runs between the ossa occipitis and the parietalia. Larynx The voice box, connected to the top of the windpipe. Leg The limbs on which a person walks and stands. Liquor amnii Amniotic fluid. Liver Digestive organ. Lungs Organs in the chest that supplies the body with oxygen, and removes carbon dioxide from the body. Lymph System of thin tubes and lymph nodes that run throughout the body. Mammae The breast; the mammary glands. Maxilla The cheek or jaw. Meatus auditorius External passage to the ear. Mesentery Fold in peritoneum attaching stomach and lower organs to posterior abdominal wall. Metatarsus The five long bones of the foot between the tarsal bones of the phalanges of the toes. Neck The part of the body that connects the head with the torso. Nervous fluid A fluid supposed to circulate through nerves and function as the essential agent in transmitting nerve impulses. Nidus A place or point, usually in the intestines, where an organism such as an intestinal worm can develop or breed. Nose The prominent structure between the eyes that serves as the entrance to the respiratory tract and contains the olfactory organ. Occiput The back of the head. Oesophagus Food pipe, gullet. Omentum Fold in peritoneum connecting the stomach with other abdominal organs. Optic nerve Each of the second pair of cranial nerves, transmitting impulses to the brain from the retina at the back of the eye. Os femoris The long bone of the thigh, articulating with the hip bone proximally and the tibia and patella distally. Os frontis Also known as the frontal bone, it is a bone in the front of the human skull. Os pubis The most forward-facing (ventral and anterior) of the three main regions making up the coxal bone. Os sacrum A large, triangular bone at the base of the spine. Os tincae An archaic term for the opening of the uterus into the vagina. Os uteris The opening in the cervix at each end of the endocervical canal. Palpebrae Eyelids. Pancreas An organ of the digestive system, located in the abdomen behind the stomach. Parotid The parotid gland (salivary gland). Periosteum Membrane covering bones. Pharynx A section of the throat; the space lined with muscles between the oesophagus and the mouth. Placenta An organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy. This structure provides oxygen and nutrients to a growing baby. Plexus A bundle of intersecting nerves, blood vessels, or lymphatic vessels in the human body. Plicae Circular folds of mucous membrane within the intestines. Praecordia Part of the body in front of the heart; sometimes used to describe the diaphragm. Primæ Viæ See entry for alimentary canal. Psoas Muscle positioned between the loin and upper leg, connecting the lumbar vertebrae to the femur; a hip flexor. Pubis One of the three main bones that make up the pelvis. Pudenda Vulva; external female genitals. Pylorus The opening between the distal end of the stomach and the intestine (duodenum), surrounded by a sphincter muscle. The posterior region or opening of the stomach. Rectum The last of the large intestines called the rectum or the strait gut is everywhere covered by the longitudinal muscular fibres and has strong circular ones for expelling faeces. Renalis Belonging to the kidneys or reins. Retina The innermost, light-sensitive layer of tissue of the eye. Saggital Relating to or denoting the suture on top of the skull which runs between the parietal bones in a front to back direction. Saliva glands Glands that produce saliva. Also known as the parotid gland. Sanguified system System of conveying blood; circulatory system. Scalp The skin covering the head, excluding the face. Scrotum See entry for testicles. Sebaceous glands Small gland in the skin which secretes a lubricating oily matter (sebum) into the hair follicles to lubricate the skin and hair. Sensorium commune A part of the body where the nerves of the senses of hearing, seeing, tasting, smelling and feeling end. Thought to be held in the brain. Septum mediastinum The membraneous septum, formed by the duplicature of the pleura, that divides the cavity of the chest into two parts. It is divided into an anterior and posterior portion. Septum narium Partition separating two chamberss. In this case it refers to the nasal septum that separates the left and right nasal cavities. Septum nasi The partition between the nostrils. Septum The membranes between the ventricles of the heart or brain. Serosa The tissue of a serous membrane. Shoulder The upper joint of each of a person's arms. Skull Skeletal framework of the head. Spleen A fist-sized organ found in the upper left side of the abdomen, next to the stomach and behind the left ribs. Sternum The broad, flat bone to the front of the thorax. Stomach Organ located in the abdomen responsible for digesting food. Subcutaneous nerves Nerves situated under the skin. Submaxillary glands Salivary glands below or to the side of the lower jawbone. Synovia A lubricating fluid secreted by certain membranes, as those of the joints. Tarsus A broad, flat surface. Used to refer to the flat of the eyelid, and the base of the heel. Teeth One of the hard bony appendages that are borne on the jaws. Testicles Male reproductive gland. Thigh The part of the human leg between the hip and the knee. Thorax Part of the body between the neck and the abdomen, comprising the cavity enclosed by the ribs, breastbone, dorsal vertebrae, and containing the chief organs of circulation and respiration; the chest. Throat Front part of the neck containing pharynx and larynx. Fauces specifically refers to cavity at back of mouth from which the pharynx and larynx open. Thumb The short, thick first digit of the human hand. Tonsils Glands seated on each side to the back of the throat. See also entry for amygdala. Trachea Commonly known as the windpipe. Tube that conveys air to and from the lungs. Umbilicus Umbilical region, navel. Urinary system Consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and the urethra. Urinary tract Urinary passage. Uterus Also known as the womb. Vagina Female genitals. Vascular System All blood vessels in the body, including veins, arteries, capillaries, lymphatic glands, etc. Also known as the sanguiferous system. Ventricle Cavities in the heart which circulate blood through the body. Vertebrae Segments or joints of the backbone, spinal cord. vesicle A thin-walled sac filled with a fluid, usually clear and small. Viscera Internal organs in the abdomen e.g. intestines, liver or uterus. Womb See also entry for uterus. Wrist The part or joint connecting the hand with the forearm.
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- Abdomen
Belly. Derived from the word abdo, meaning to hide therefore the contents lay hidden in it. See also entry for stomach.
- Abdominal viscera
Abdominal organs including stomach, intestine, liver, pancreas, spleen, kidneys. See also entry for viscera.
- Air vesicle
Bay-like extensions off the parabronchi of the lungs.
- Alae nasi
In Latin means the wings of the nose, either of the two wings (great and small) of the sphenoid bone.
- Albuginea
The inner coat of the testicle.
- Alea Narium
Nose and/or nostril(s). See also entry for nose.
- Alimentary Canal
Part of the digestive system. Also known as Primæ Viæ.
- Amygdala
Tonsils.
- Ankle
Area where the leg and the foot connect.
- Anus
The opening at the end of the alimentary canal through which solid waste matter leaves the body.
- Aorta
The main artery proceeding from the left ventricle of the heart in which all other arteries except the pulmonary are the branches.
- Artery
A blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to tissues and organs in the body.
- Axilla
Armpit.
- Biceps
A large muscle that lies on the front of the upper arm.
- Bile Duct
A series of thin tubes that go from the liver to the small intestine.
- Bladder
The musculo-membranous bag which contains the urinary fluid secreted by the kidneys.
- Bowel
The part of the alimentary canal below the stomach; the intestine.
- Brain
The main organ in the central nervous system, located within the skull.
- Bregma
The region of the skull where the frontal and the two parietal bones join; the sinciput; in infancy, before the sutures are closed, constituting the anterior fontanel. Formerly regarded as two regions, the right and left bregmata.
- Bronchus
Part of the respiratory system, an airway allowing for air to reach the lungs.
- Cheek
Either side of the face below the eye.
- Chin
The protruding part of the face below the mouth, formed by the apex of the lower jaw.
- Cilia
The outer edges of the eyelids.
- Clavicle
The collarbone, which extends from the breastbone to the shoulder blade, forming part of the pectoral arch.
- Coccyx
Pelvis or pelvic bones located at the bottom of the spine; tailbone.
- Colon
The greater portion of the large intestine which extends from the caecum to the rectum.
- Columna Nasi
The lowest and fleshy part of the nose which forms a part of the septum.
- Condyle
A rounded process at the end of a bone serving to form an articulation with another bone.
- Cornea
The coating of the eye. The strong, thick and tendinous first coat of the eye.
- Cranium
The skull, also known as Calva and Calvaria, Cerebrigalea.
- Cubitus
The forearm.
- Cuticle
Known as the Scarf-skin which is the integument or universal covering of the body.
- Diaphragm
The major muscle of respiration, located below the lungs.
- Duodenum
First section of the small intestine.
- Ear
The organ of the body that controls auditory input and processing or hearing as well as balance.
- Epigastric region
Upper central region of the abdomen; relating to the part of the abdomen immediately over the stomach.
- Eye
The organ of the body that controls sight.
- Fallopian Tubes
Two trumpet or funnel shaped tubes that carry the ova or egg cells down from the ovary to the uterus.
- False ribs
Refers to three sets of ribs which are indirectly linked to the sternum by the attachment of cartilage to the next rib above.
- Fauces
The arched shape opening at the back of the throat leading from the mouth to the pharynx. See also throat.
- Fontanelle
The soft spot or space between the bones of the skull of a baby where the bones have not yet fully formed and hardened.
- Foot
The bottom part of the leg used for standing.
- Gall bladder
Small pouch sitting below the liver.
- Genitals
A person's external organs of reproduction.
- Glottis
The opening between the vocal folds in the larynx that is generally thought of as the primary valve between the lungs and the mouth.
- Gluteus maximus
A thick fleshy muscle with a quadrangular shape.
- Gum
Part of the soft tissue lining of the mouth.
- Hamstring
Posterior thigh muscles in between the hip and the knee.
- Hand
The end part of a person's arm beyond the wrist.
- Heart
A hollow muscular organ that pumps the blood through the circulatory system.
- Hip
A projection of the pelvis and upper thigh bone on each side of the body.
- Humerus
The bone of the upper arm or forelimb, forming joints at the shoulder and the elbow.
- Hypochondriac Region
The part of the abdomen in the upper zone on both sides of the epigastric region and beneath the cartilages of the lower ribs.
- Hypogastric Region
The lowest part of the abdomen.
- Ilium
The largest bone of the hip.
- Integumentary system
The outmost layer of the body consisting of the cuticle, the rete mucosum, cutis and membrama cellularis.
- Intercostal
Muscles that present within the rib cage.
- Intestines
Winding muscular tube, between the stomach and the anus. Part of the digestive system.
- Ischias
The sciatic nerve which runs from the lumbar and sacral plexus to the tibial and common fibular nerve.
- Kidneys
Organs that are found on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage in the back.
- Knee
The joint between the thigh and the lower leg.
- Lacrimal glands
The glands in the eyes responsible for secreting tears.
- Lambdoid
In the skull, the suture that runs between the ossa occipitis and the parietalia.
- Larynx
The voice box, connected to the top of the windpipe.
- Leg
The limbs on which a person walks and stands.
- Liquor amnii
Amniotic fluid.
- Liver
Digestive organ.
- Lungs
Organs in the chest that supplies the body with oxygen, and removes carbon dioxide from the body.
- Lymph
System of thin tubes and lymph nodes that run throughout the body.
- Mammae
The breast; the mammary glands.
- Maxilla
The cheek or jaw.
- Meatus auditorius
External passage to the ear.
- Mesentery
Fold in peritoneum attaching stomach and lower organs to posterior abdominal wall.
- Metatarsus
The five long bones of the foot between the tarsal bones of the phalanges of the toes.
- Neck
The part of the body that connects the head with the torso.
- Nervous fluid
A fluid supposed to circulate through nerves and function as the essential agent in transmitting nerve impulses.
- Nidus
A place or point, usually in the intestines, where an organism such as an intestinal worm can develop or breed.
- Nose
The prominent structure between the eyes that serves as the entrance to the respiratory tract and contains the olfactory organ.
- Occiput
The back of the head.
- Oesophagus
Food pipe, gullet.
- Omentum
Fold in peritoneum connecting the stomach with other abdominal organs.
- Optic nerve
Each of the second pair of cranial nerves, transmitting impulses to the brain from the retina at the back of the eye.
- Os femoris
The long bone of the thigh, articulating with the hip bone proximally and the tibia and patella distally.
- Os frontis
Also known as the frontal bone, it is a bone in the front of the human skull.
- Os pubis
The most forward-facing (ventral and anterior) of the three main regions making up the coxal bone.
- Os sacrum
A large, triangular bone at the base of the spine.
- Os tincae
An archaic term for the opening of the uterus into the vagina.
- Os uteris
The opening in the cervix at each end of the endocervical canal.
- Palpebrae
Eyelids.
- Pancreas
An organ of the digestive system, located in the abdomen behind the stomach.
- Parotid
The parotid gland (salivary gland).
- Periosteum
Membrane covering bones.
- Pharynx
A section of the throat; the space lined with muscles between the oesophagus and the mouth.
- Placenta
An organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy. This structure provides oxygen and nutrients to a growing baby.
- Plexus
A bundle of intersecting nerves, blood vessels, or lymphatic vessels in the human body.
- Plicae
Circular folds of mucous membrane within the intestines.
- Praecordia
Part of the body in front of the heart; sometimes used to describe the diaphragm.
- Primæ Viæ
See entry for alimentary canal.
- Psoas
Muscle positioned between the loin and upper leg, connecting the lumbar vertebrae to the femur; a hip flexor.
- Pubis
One of the three main bones that make up the pelvis.
- Pudenda
Vulva; external female genitals.
- Pylorus
The opening between the distal end of the stomach and the intestine (duodenum), surrounded by a sphincter muscle. The posterior region or opening of the stomach.
- Rectum
The last of the large intestines called the rectum or the strait gut is everywhere covered by the longitudinal muscular fibres and has strong circular ones for expelling faeces.
- Renalis
Belonging to the kidneys or reins.
- Retina
The innermost, light-sensitive layer of tissue of the eye.
- Saggital
Relating to or denoting the suture on top of the skull which runs between the parietal bones in a front to back direction.
- Saliva glands
Glands that produce saliva. Also known as the parotid gland.
- Sanguified system
System of conveying blood; circulatory system.
- Scalp
The skin covering the head, excluding the face.
- Scrotum
See entry for testicles.
- Sebaceous glands
Small gland in the skin which secretes a lubricating oily matter (sebum) into the hair follicles to lubricate the skin and hair.
- Sensorium commune
A part of the body where the nerves of the senses of hearing, seeing, tasting, smelling and feeling end. Thought to be held in the brain.
- Septum mediastinum
The membraneous septum, formed by the duplicature of the pleura, that divides the cavity of the chest into two parts. It is divided into an anterior and posterior portion.
- Septum narium
Partition separating two chamberss. In this case it refers to the nasal septum that separates the left and right nasal cavities.
- Septum nasi
The partition between the nostrils.
- Septum
The membranes between the ventricles of the heart or brain.
- Serosa
The tissue of a serous membrane.
- Shoulder
The upper joint of each of a person's arms.
- Skull
Skeletal framework of the head.
- Spleen
A fist-sized organ found in the upper left side of the abdomen, next to the stomach and behind the left ribs.
- Sternum
The broad, flat bone to the front of the thorax.
- Stomach
Organ located in the abdomen responsible for digesting food.
- Subcutaneous nerves
Nerves situated under the skin.
- Submaxillary glands
Salivary glands below or to the side of the lower jawbone.
- Synovia
A lubricating fluid secreted by certain membranes, as those of the joints.
- Tarsus
A broad, flat surface. Used to refer to the flat of the eyelid, and the base of the heel.
- Teeth
One of the hard bony appendages that are borne on the jaws.
- Testicles
Male reproductive gland.
- Thigh
The part of the human leg between the hip and the knee.
- Thorax
Part of the body between the neck and the abdomen, comprising the cavity enclosed by the ribs, breastbone, dorsal vertebrae, and containing the chief organs of circulation and respiration; the chest.
- Throat
Front part of the neck containing pharynx and larynx. Fauces specifically refers to cavity at back of mouth from which the pharynx and larynx open.
- Thumb
The short, thick first digit of the human hand.
- Tonsils
Glands seated on each side to the back of the throat. See also entry for amygdala.
- Trachea
Commonly known as the windpipe. Tube that conveys air to and from the lungs.
- Umbilicus
Umbilical region, navel.
- Urinary system
Consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and the urethra.
- Urinary tract
Urinary passage.
- Uterus
Also known as the womb.
- Vagina
Female genitals.
- Vascular System
All blood vessels in the body, including veins, arteries, capillaries, lymphatic glands, etc. Also known as the sanguiferous system.
- Ventricle
Cavities in the heart which circulate blood through the body.
- Vertebrae
Segments or joints of the backbone, spinal cord.
- vesicle
A thin-walled sac filled with a fluid, usually clear and small.
- Viscera
Internal organs in the abdomen e.g. intestines, liver or uterus.
- Womb
See also entry for uterus.
- Wrist
The part or joint connecting the hand with the forearm.
- Abdomen
