While viral hepatitis is a global problem its prevalence in the UK is
often underestimated. Chronic infection with the hepatitis B and/or C virus
causes significant morbidity and mortality. New treatments that attenuate viral
replication or induce immunity against infection have transformed the management
of these conditions, but their effectiveness comes at some cost – both in financial
terms and in the side-effect profile associated with treatment. Viral resistance
promises to be an ongoing problem, particularly in patients who have an
inadequate response to antiviral therapy or are non-adherent with treatment
protocols. This article explores new developments in the treatment of chronic
hepatitis B and C infection, and describes current protocols for managing patients
with these conditions.